Academic Program
Upper School

Mathematics

Mathematics

The Math Department believes that using persistence and ingenuity to solve problems is essential for all walks of life. Our goals for our students are to experience the beauty of the discipline, master its essential content, and most of all, develop resilient, flexible and efficient problem-solving skills.
Our students learn to experiment, notice patterns, generalize, look for counterexamples, construct convincing arguments, present their ideas orally and in writing, use precise language, consider the reasonableness of answers, and critique the arguments of others. Fluency of skills is critical for progress, and skills are learned in meaningful contexts so that each one contributes to a coherent big-picture understanding. The program is problem-centered and integrates skills from a broad range of topics. Grades 9 through 11 use Phillips Exeter Academy’s Math II through Math IV to study the topics of Geometry, Algebra II, Trigonometry, and the beginnings of Calculus. Class is structured as a seminar where students present problems and discuss their approaches.

Teachers help students evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies, identify key concepts and discover connections among mathematical ideas. In this way, students develop a deep conceptual understanding and gain genuine authority as mathematical thinkers. Students in Grades 11 and 12 can select from a variety of elective courses, including a further study of Calculus.

Upper School Mathematics Curriculum

List of 4 items.

  • Integrated Math II/ Integrated Math II Accelerated

    In addition to developing a mastery of the core topics in plane Euclidean geometry, students in this course also learn how to develop, extend, and defend their mathematical thinking. Students learn to formulate mathematical arguments and to justify their claims about the geometric objects they study. Students continue to develop their algebra skills in the context of geometry in the coordinate plane. They learn to model motion using vectors and parametric equations. They are introduced to the fundamentals of proof writing through the geometry of triangles. In the accelerated level, students also study isometries, the geometry of chords and circles, optimization, and similarity.
  • Integrated Math III/Integrated Math III Accelerated

    In Integrated Math III, students continue to expand their understanding of functions by learning how to mathematically describe motion in a circle. Through this study, they learn about trigonometric functions and their applications to periodic motion. They learn how to use transformations of these functions to create models of real-world situations. Students also study matrices and exponential and logarithmic functions through real-world problems. Students are introduced to approximating instantaneous rates of change and working with different kinds of sequences. In the accelerated level, students also study ellipses, planes, and additional applications of matrices.
  • Integrated Math IV/Integrated Math IV Accelerated

    This course is an in-depth study of functions, their graphs and their use in modeling real-world phenomena. Polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions are studied from numerical, graphical, and analytical perspectives. Students graph functions by hand and with the aid of graphing calculators. Other topics include combinatorics, probability, series and sequences, and limits. In the accelerated level, students also study conic sections and differential calculus.
  • Semester and Yearlong Electives

    Statistics

    An elective course open to Grades 11 and 12.
    Statistics is the science of data, and data are numbers with a context. In contemporary society, collecting, summarizing, representing, and analyzing data are activities of major importance. Statistics serves to enhance social and scientific awareness and help us evaluate the numerous statistical claims we encounter. The study of statistics makes us better consumers of information. In this course, students will explore four big questions in statistics: What do we do with data? How do we get data? What do the data tell us and how do we interpret it? How do we communicate the results?

    Calculus

    This course covers single-variable differential and integral Calculus. Topics include: the definition of the derivative, the definition of the definite integral, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, techniques of differentiation, antiderivative and accumulation functions, techniques of antidifferentiation, and applications of integration. The ability to make connections between analytic, graphical, numerical, and verbal approaches is developed. This course covers a full semester of college Calculus.

    Calculus Accelerated

    This course covers all of the topics listed for Calculus as well as the following: accumulation functions, additional techniques of antidifferentiation, Taylor series and series of constants, vector-valued functions, curvature, parametric and polar equations. This course makes a significant time demand on students.

    Linear Algebra

    An elective course open to Grades 11 and 12.
    Linear Algebra is a college-level course designed to give students their first taste of abstract algebra, one of the major strands of mathematics. Topics include vector spaces, linear transformations, and matrix algebra. The course takes a highly theoretical approach, emphasizing learning to read and write formal proofs, and also includes applications in the natural and social sciences. Prerequisite: Students must have completed Integrated Math IV Accelerated.

    Multivariable Calculus 

    (not offered in 2026-2027)
    The derivative, the integral, and their applications are revisited and reimagined in higher dimensions. Using Exeter's Math 6 problem set, functions in several variables are analyzed using tools including partial derivatives, multiple integrals, line intervals, vector calculus and Lagrange multipliers. Graphing in three dimensions will be done with the use of computers. Prerequisite: Calculus Accelerated and permission of the department.

    Interschool Collaborative Problem Solving 

    An elective course open to Grades 10-12.
    Enrollment limited and through Administrative approval.
    A collaborative problem-solving class where students work together on a small number of challenging problems over an extended period of time. Topics covered include combinatorics, number theory, geometry, algebra, and inequalities. Students will acquire sophisticated problem-solving skills and a knowledge base that will allow them to successfully tackle the sorts of problems one sees on more challenging math contests such as the American Invitational Mathematics Examination (AIME). Although the prerequisites for this class are only algebra, geometry, and perhaps a bit of trigonometry, the comfortably placed student will be a creative mathematical problem solver with an unusually solid mathematical background. The problems and topics covered in the class are very challenging. Prerequisite: Students must have completed Integrated Math III Accelerated.

Explore Our Curriculum

A K-12 independent school in New York City, The Spence School prepares a diverse community of girls and young women for the demands of academic excellence and responsible citizenship.

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